The color of justice : race, ethnicity, and crime in America / Samuel Walker (University of nebraska at Omaha), Cassia Spohn (Arizona State University), Miriam DeLone (Fayetteville State University).
| Main Authors: | |
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| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Boston MA :
Cengage Learning
©2018
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| Edition: | Sixth edition. |
| Subjects: | |
| Physical Description: | xxi, 570 pages : illustrations, tables ; 24 cm |
| Format: | Book |
Contents:
- 1. Race, ethnicity, and crime : American's continuing crisis
- The national race crisis, 2014-2016
- Race, ethnicity, and justice in America
- Colors of America : racial and ethnic categories
- The official U.S. Census categories
- Race
- Ethnicity
- Problems with traditional racial and ethnic categories
- Problems with criminal justice date on race and ethnicity
- Case study : how many people are shot and killed by the police?
- Counting race and ethnicity in criminal justice data
- The crime and immigration controversy
- Problems with immigration enforcement
- "Insecure communities" : the impact of immigration enforcement on the Hispanic community
- The geography of racial and ethnic justice
- Disparity versus discrimination
- Problem of unconscious bias
- The law of discrimination
- A theoretical perspective on race, ethnicity, and crime
- Alternative theories
- 2. Victims and offenders : myths and realities about crime
- Media and crime
- Racial hoaxes
- Race and gender of crime victims
- The National Crime Victimization Survey
- Household victimization
- The effect of urbanization
- Personal victimization
- Prevalence of crime victimization
- Homicide victimization
- Typical offender
- Official arrest statistics
- Problems with UCR data
- Perceptions of offenders by victims
- Problems with NCVS offender data
- Perceptions of offenders
- Self-report surveys
- Characteristics of offenders
- Theoretical explanations for the racial gap in offending
- Community influence on the racial gap in offending rates
- Drug offenders
- Mass shooting offenders
- Crime as an intraracial event
- National Crime Victimization Survey
- Uniform Crime Report Homicide Reports
- Crime as an interracial (hate) event-- Ethnic youth gangs
- Gang myths
- Varieties of ethnic street gangs
- African American
- Native American
- Asian American
- Hispanic
- White
- 3. Race, ethnicity, social structure, and crime
- Social inequality and criminal justice
- Inequality and crime
- Economic inequality
- Social capital and cultural capital
- community social structure
- Residential segregation
- Crime and neighborhood deterioration
- Well-being
- Theoretical perspectives on inequality and crime
- Social strain theory
- Differential association theory
- Social disorganization theory
- Culture conflict theory
- Conflict theory
- Routine activity theory
- Inequality and social reform
- Impact of the Civil Right Movement
- 4. Justice on the street? : the police and people of color
- National police crisis
- The post-Ferguson events
- Contextual approach to policing communities of color
- African-American community
- Hispanic community
- The Native American community
- Asian, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islanders, the Arab-American community
- Public attitudes and police conduct
- Use of deadly force
- Police shootings
- "Police brutality" : use of physical force
- Discrimination in arrests?
- Arrests and the War on Drugs
- Traffic stops : racial profiling
- Legitimate and illegitimate use of race and ethnicity in policing : the PERF Model Policy
- The stop and frisk controversy
- Problem of stereotyping and routing police work
- Verbal disrespect and abuse
- Police officer attitudes versus institutional practices
- Police corruption and communities of color
- Improving police-community relations
- Citizen oversight
- Police employment practices
- 5. The courts : a quest for justice during the pretrial process
- African Americans in court : case of the Scottsboro Boys
- Decisions regarding counsel and bail
- Charging and plea bargaining decisions
- Race and plea bargaining decisions
- 6. Justice on the bench? : trial and adjudication in Criminal Court
- Race/ethnicity and the criminal trial
- Selection of the jury pool
- Racial discrimination
- Racial diversity
- Peremptory challenge : racial profiling the courtroom?
- The Supreme Court and the peremptory challenge
- From Swain to Batson and beyond
- Race and jury selection
- Rape, race, and mistaken eyewitness identification
- Playing the "race card"
- Race-conscious jury nullification : Black power in the courtroom?
- Randall Kennedy's critique
- 7. Race and sentencing : in search of fairness and justice
- Racial disparity in sentencing
- Empirical research on race and sentencing
- When does race/ethnicity matter?
- Race ethnicity and sentencing
- Hispanics
- Illegal immigrants vs. U.S. citizens?
- Asian Americans
- Native Americans and sentencing disparity in State and Federal courts
- Race/ethnicity, gender, age, and employment
- Differential treatment of interracial and intraracial sexual assault
- Offender-victim race and sentences for sexual assault
- Liberation hypothesis and offenders convicted of violent felonies
- Racial discrimination in the sentencing of misdemeanor offenders?
- Sentencing and the War on Drugs
- Racial disparities in sentence imposed fro drug offenses
- Drug offenders in State courts
- Drug offenders in Federal courts
- Racial minorities and cumulative disadvantage
- Effect of skin tone on punishment
- Comparison of the sentencing decisions of African American, Hispanic, and White judges
- 8. The color of death : race and the death penalty
- Constitutionality of the Death Penalty
- Furman v. Georgia
- Post-Furman decisions
- Attitudes toward capital punishment
- Post-Gregg studies
- Race and the Federal capital sentencing process
- McClesky v. Kemp : the Supreme Court and racial discrimination in the application of the death penalty
- The Racial Justice Act
- 9. Corrections in America : a portrait in color
- Prison and jail populations
- Minority overrepresentation
- Intersectionality with gender and age
- Race, ethnicity, and recidivism
- The Age of Mass Incarceration
- Offender reentry
- Community corrections
- Parole
- Probation
- Race and religion
- Prison gangs
- Aryan Brotherhood
- Black Guerilla Family
- Mexican Mafia
- Neta
- Texas Syndicate
- Women in prison
- 10. Minority youth and crime : minority youth in court
- Juvenile population in the United States
- Young racial minorities as victims of crime
- Property crime victimization
- Violent crime victimization
- Victimization of young African-American girls
- Homicide victimization
- Young racial minorities as offenders
- Juvenile arrests
- Juveniles of color and the police
- Race/ethnicity and the Juvenile Justice System
- Race/ethnicity, gender, and age : juvenile justice in Nebraska
- Transfer of juveniles to Criminal Court
- Disparate treatment of juvenile offenders
- Juveniles under correctional supervision
- 11. The color of justice
- Explaining persistent racial and ethnic disparities.