Elgar encyclopedia of services [electronic resource] / edited by Faïz Gallouj (Editor-in-Chief), Professor of Economics and member of CLERSE-CNRS, University of Lille, France, Camal Gallouj, Professor of Management Science and member of CEPN-CNRS, University of Sorbonne Paris-Nord, France, Marie-Christine Monnoyer, Emeritus Professor of Management Science, University of Toulouse 1 and Catholic Institute of Toulouse, France, Luis Rubalcaba, Professor of Economics, University of Alcalá, Spain, with the assistance of Markus Scheuer, Rheinisch-Westfalisches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Essen, Germany.